===== Transforms =====

All shapes can be transformed, i.e. translated to another location, rotated by certain angles, etc. In all cases, the transform function returns a **new shape**, not the original.

<code javascript>
const myshape = circle({radius: 5})
const newshape = scale([5, 10], circleA) // a new cicle, scaled as requested
</code>

So, in order to modify the original, place the original on the left-hand side of the expression.

<code javascript>
let myshape = circle({radius: 5})
myshape = scale([5, 10], myshape) // a new circle, scaled as requested, reassigned to the original
</code>

In fact, the two lines above can be combined into a single line.

<code javascript>
let myshape = scale([5, 10]). circle({radius: 5})) // a new circle, and scaled as requested
</code>

Transforms can also be chained together, but keep in mind that the order of transforms is important.

<code javascript>
let myshape = scale([5, 10]). circle({radius: 5}))
myshape = translate([0, 0, 10]), rotateX(45, myshape))
</code>

The original shape can be transformed any number of times. For example, the a single cylinder can be rotated and translated to make multiple copies of the original. And then, the set of cylinders can be combined together using union. This is a common pattern when creating complex designs.

The transforms return a single shape or an array of shapes depending on the given shapes.

<code javascript>
const newshape = align({modes: ['none', 'center', 'none']}, oldshape)  /* Returns a single shape */
const newshapes = align({modes: ['min', 'center', 'none'], alignTo: [10, null, 10], grouped: true }, oldshape, [oldshape0, oldshape1])  /* Returns an array of new shapes*/
</code>

==== Orientation ====

The standard for all 3D systems today, including graphics cards, design tools, etc. is orientating shapes using the right-hand rule. JSCAD follows the same rules internally, and produces shapes, applies transforms, etc. using the right-hand rule of orientation. See [[en:math_guide_orientation|Orientation]] for more information.

{{page>design_guide_rotate}}

{{page>design_guide_scale}}

{{page>design_guide_translate}}

{{page>design_guide_align}}

{{page>design_guide_center}}

{{page>design_guide_mirror}}

{{page>design_guide_transform}}